Weight loss is a process contributed by many factors. Sometimes discipline in dieting and regular exercise seem to be insufficient in an attempt to lose weight. Besides the rule that calories burnt must exceed calorie intake, the ability for weight loss is influenced by genetic predispositions. Physical preferences determined by genetics bares the weight at the DNK level.
Features that indicate gene contribution
People with significant gene contribution to obesity have the characteristics such as:
- has been overweight most of their lives
- one or both parents, or close blood relatives are overweight
- difficulties to lose weight even with physical activity and a diet regime
The following characteristic indicates the lower gene contribution in weight:
- you are greatly affected by food availability
- you are moderately overweight, meaning you can effectively lose weight with a healthy diet and exercise
- your weight easy varies by the holiday season, exercise frequency, or other habits or weight-linked factors
Genes that determine our body predispositions
Science has identified the combination of the genes responsible for our ability to build muscles and gain fat. Research has shown that the development of obesity depends on up to 50 to 70 percent of genes. While some people have 25% of developing obesity others have up to 70-80%. These genetic predispositions also determine our body shape, exercise performance, and body mass index.
Obesity is a heritable or heterogeneous disorder. Monogenetic disorder related to obesity is linked to a mutation in the ALMS1, BBS1, BBS10, or COH1 gene and dysfunction in the leptin-hypothalamus pathway. These mutations result in syndromes such as Alstrom, Bardet-Biedl, and Cohen.
In the 1960s, the hypothesis of the “thrifty gene” appeared. This theory stands that the body storing fat during the famine has left an evolutional impact on genes. This genetic adaptation was the adventitious factor in lean times. Today, the thrifty gene is assumed to be responsible for body energy storing in individuals who accordingly possess this gene.
Genes variation carries the burden over our weight in these specific heredities:
- FTO gene is first identified as fat mass and obesity-associated protein and its main contributor to polygenic obesity in the European population.
- Iroquois homeobox gene 3 is recognized within fat mass and obesity-associated protein as the factor of body mass and composition. The partial inhibition of hypothalamic IRX3 is linked to exacerbating obesity. Genetic deficiency in IRX3 conduct in up to 30 percent of weight loss. Some functions of IRX3 collaborate in body energy-handling regulation which contributes to being overweight.
- Ankyrin-B is the gene responsible for the drawl of glucose in fat cells faster than average or even doubled. The result of this increased process is enlarging in cell size. Mutation or elimination in this gene allows glucose to flow through fat cells faster than with unmodified genes.
- Pannexin 1 is the gene that regulates fat accumulation and promotes obesity. Presents of this gene are connected to a higher risk of fatness.
- CYP17 and CYP19 are genes whose variants are associated with body mass index and weight.
- Melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) is a gene proven to contribute to metabolism. MC4R regulates the feelings of hunger and energy usage from food intake. The mutations of MC4R reduce receptors’ functionality and impact the ability to lose weight. People with this gene are 8% more likely to be overweight and 12% to develop obesity.
- NRXN3 is a gene associated with central nervous system disorder, and its role in obesity is linked to the alternation of the nervous system.
Along the listed genes, more than 940 other nucleotide variations are recognized to link BMI. Identifying genes can help in understanding and threatening irresponsible obesity. Many genes are related to the secretion of the hormones leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and other hunger and metabolism-regulating hormones. Obesity is not regulated by a single gene, a combination of genes is behind our appetite levels, body composition, and ability to burn calories and balance energy. Genetic analysis can help people in establishing individual approaches in weight loss programs.
As genetics is significantly involved in all body functions, we can not neglect the influence of genetics on metabolism, hormone secretion, and other aspects that contributes to weight. Therefore, when considering Phentermine vs. Ozmepic as an option for weight loss, we must review the genetic predispositions before deciding on a more suitable choice as they both work in hormone levels.
Obesity-related issues
Although genes carry a large burden on our physical capacity and body fat distribution, nonetheless, other factors also contribute to being overweight. The correlation of the below risk factors affects weight status as much as genetic structure:
- dietary, excess, or unhealthy food intake
- physical inactivity
- health conditions and disease
- medicaments that contribute to weight gain
- psychological factors
Final Thoughts
Despite the fact that gene architecture governs our ability to lose and maintain weight, a healthy lifestyle is an element that can be controlled. DNK is not the only thing determining our weight, a responsible approach is crucial in achieving results beyond our genetic settings. Regular exercise, fluid intake, and a healthy diet are the changes that encourage optimal weight status. Healthy habits and behavior are advantageous ingredients as opposed to genetic predictors.
